The ancient name of the village was Cameni or Cameli, and the first lords mentioned were the Sant'Angelo in the 13th and 14th centuries. Then in the 15th century followed the Orsini, and still later the counts of Montagano, followed by the Tamburri who kept the title up to 1806, when feudalism was suppressed. Starting from the late 19th century recurring migratory waves reduced the population to one tenth now of what it was in the early 20th century, but in the summer months thousands of emigrants and their descendants come to visit.
The economy was based on steel works (farming tools, knives, scissors) and in the centuries the clever craftsmen of Sant'Elena went to the market fairs as far as Brindisi and Tuscany. The trade gradually passed from that of blade sharpeners to that of suppliers of perfumes also to barbers. Many children of this now very small town are great perfume entrepreneurs in the world today.